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FOR MAKING BRICKS AND SIMILAR ARTICLES 116484 kfiiiimmw'g Q POLLOCKS,IMPROVED MACHiNEy 4a$ NR MAK'NG BRICKS AND SIMILAR ARTICLES 15M-FHOTDi/THOFFAFHIC C SHET.3. sheeksf P0 LLOCKS IMPROVED MACHINE FORMAKiNG BRICKS AND SIMILAR ARTICLES Flchl': SECTION AT.A.B.

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FOR MAKING BRICKS AND SIMILAR ARTICLES UNITED STATES JULIUS FREDERICKMOORE POLLOUK, OF LEEDS, GREAT BRITAIN.

IMPROVEMENT IN BRICK-MACHINES.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 116,484, dated June 27,1871.

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, JULIUS FREDERICK MOORE POLLOGK, of Leeds, in thecounty of York, Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, engineer, haveinvented anew and useful Improved Machine for "Making :Bricks andsimilar articles; and I do hereby-declarethe following to be a full,clear, and exact description of the same, reference being had to theaccompanying drawing and to the figures and letters marked thereon. IAccording to this invention the crushingrolls pug-mill, molds, andpressing-dies, with their actuating mechanism, are all arranged in combinationupon one base-plate, and the material to be worked is fedthrough a hopper to the crushingrolls, passing from them into thepugmill, whereinit is tempered, and which forces it into the molds,wherein it is formed (when making bricks) into perfect, common, orunpressed bricks of the ordinary well-known descriptions; and theseunpressed bricks are afterward conveyed, by selfacting means, from themolds to the pressingdies, which latter are made slightly larger lat-.

.of said specification.

' The crushing-rolls are actuated by worm-wheels and worms or-endlessscrews running in vessels containing oil orother lubricant, and thepugmillis provided with an adjustable trap-door or opening atits lowerend, which serves as a vent in case: of an excessive downward pressureof the cla'y'andfoi' otheruseful purposes. And in order that othersskilled in the art may be enabled to make and use my invention, I annexa drawing thereof, in which Figure 1, Sheet 1, is a sectional elevationofa machine constructed according to my invention,

but without platform; Fig. 2, Sheet 2, an elevag tion atright angles tothe foregoing; Fig. 3, Sheet 3, a sectional plan through the line A B ofFigs. 1, 2, and 5; Fig. 4, Sheet 4, a detached section (through 0 D,Figs. 1 and 2) of the ratchet motion,

by which intermittent motion is given to the moldtable 5 Fig. 5, adetached elevation of the steam- ;press;and Fig. 6, a plan of thepress-cylinder.

a a are a pair of crushing-rollers, and a a fixed scrapers to preventthe clay from clinging to them. I) is an ordinary pug-mill provided witha hopper, N, for catching all that falls fiom the rollers, and having asliding or adjustable door,

plates; 6 a their stocks or guide-rods; and 6 e the anti-frictionrollers, which raise the rods by passing up an incline, e (seen best inFig. 1,) and move the plates and molded bricks from the position shownat X to that at Y. f is the bottom disk, in which are sockets i to guidethe moldplates 6 and g, the ring from which it receives motion by meansof the pawl k h, a spring,wl1ich presses the pawl h into the recesses ofthe ratchetdisk f and k my improved eccentric or cam arrangement fordrawing the pawl it back and holding it out of gear, so that the otherparts of the machine may be worked without turning the table.Reciprocating motion (in this case through about a quarter of arevolution) is given to the ring 9 by means of the connecting-rod whoseother end is actuated by the pin of the rotating crank or disk g affixedto the shaft 0. A second pawl may prevent any return motion of thetable. i

is the cylinder of the press, by which the molded bricks are pressed,and '5 its piston and pistonrod, which I prefer to cast in one piece.The piston-rod is rigidly connected with two crossheads, j j and siderods j. k is the die in which the bricks are pressed between cross-headjl and a loose block, 15*, sliding in said die and H lare the rollersfor driving the delivery-belt or band may be drawn back out of theinfluence of the cam by unscrewing a nut and sliding the spindle alongthe slot in the lever. The nut is, by preference, made in the form of asmall hand-wheel,

as shown at 12 r is the delivering-lever,by

which the molded bricks are delivered from the rotating molding-table eto the press-die 7a. This lever, whose fulcrum is at T is actuated by asecond cam, 7 on the shaft 0, and gives a reciprocating motion to aslide, 1"", faced with felt or other woolen material, and working on afixed slide-bar, r. The lever 1" also gives motion,

through a connecting-rod, s, to the check or guard-lever, t, having itsfulcrum at t The molds e are lubricated in succession by the paddedplunger u, which is attached to and recipromolded bricks as they passunder it on'their way to the press. w is a tank or vessel formed in thecast-iron framing of the machine, and contains oil or other lubricant,which may be supplied to the plunger u and roller 11 by means of pipesprovided with regulating-taps or cocks, I prefer to use a pipe havingtwo branches with taps or cocks for supplying lubricant to the plunger,but for the roller I have found that one orifice is sufficient. Tofurther guard against adhesion of the brick to the top plate of press, 1heat the latter by passing steam through it. '1 is the drivingpulley, bywhich motion is imparted to the machine. 5 is a pinion keyed to one endof the shaft 3, and giving motion to the wheel 6 keyed onto the shaft 7.This shaft 7 also carries the spurwheels 8 and 9 and the miter-wheel 10.The spur-wh eel 8 gives motion to another spur-wheel, 11, turning'on afixed stud. This wheel 11 gives motion to the vertical shaft 0 throughthe medium of the miter-wheels 12'and 13. The wheel 9 gives motion tothe wheel 14 for actuating the disk W. The miter-wheel 10 givesmotion tothe miterwheel 15, which'is keyed upon the shaft 0 of the pug-mill. Thedriving-shaft 0 also carries two worms one of which is shown in sectionat 16 in Fig. 2. These worms run in vessels containingoil v or otherlubricant, as shown in section at 17 in Fig. 2. The worms impart motionin opposite directions to two worm-wheels, one of which is keyed to theshaft of each crushing-roller, as shown at 18 in Fig.2. The shaft 0carries a spur-wheel, 19, which drives the delivery-rollers I throughthe medium of the spur and miter wheels 20, as is shown in plan at Fig.3. The shaft of one ofthe delivery-rollers l carries a bandwheel, 21,from which'motion is imparted to the band-wheel 22, secured to the axisof the cylindrical brush 23, as shown in Figs. 1 and 3. In thearrangement I have drawn, the motive power of the press is obtained fromsteam entering the valve-chest i by the pipes 24 and exhausting throughthe pipe 25 5 but I do not confine myself to the use of presses workedby steam. Q is the basc-plate, upon which the whole of the mechanicalparts are arranged to operate in combinations, 2 2 being the mainpillars and framing of the machine, as is clearly illustrated in thedrawing. 2 is an ordinary platform for the attendant, which is partlyshown only in Fig. 1.

The operation is as follows: The clay or brickearth' is thrown into thehopper H above the rollers a a; by passing between them it is crushed,and it then enters the pug-mill b, falling by its own gravity until itcomes under the influence of the helical knives dd. These knives d drotate, and so cause the clay or brick-earth to descend, and while it isdescending the said knives mix and amalgamate it, and water is admittedthrough perforations in the pipe P the supply of which may be regulatedby the attendant) for the purpose of rendering the clay-or brick-earthplastic. The descent of the clay-continues until it is forced by thedouble-bottom knife d into a compact mass into the mold X. When thismold is full the tabie e rotates, by'means .of the intermittent motionit receives from the disk f and ratchet h, before referred to the brickis then passed under the lubricating-roller v, by which its top islubricated; it is then raised by the incline e to the position shown atY, in Figs. 1 and 3, and from this position it is removed, by thedelivering-lever r and its slide 1"", to the press. Steam is thenadmitted above the piston i and gives the press ing blow, after whichthe steam is admitted bet low the piston, and raising the latter, thecrosshead j and the block t*, which, as it rises, carries the brick outof the die is. The pressed brick is finally pushed forward onto thedelivery-belt or band m by the advance of the next molded brick, and iscarried to any convenient distance from the machine, ready for drying orbaking.

The molds e in the table, from which the bricks have been taken,afterward successively assume the position in which thelubricating-plunger u enters them, and oils their sides and bottomplates previously to their again passing under the pugmill, ashereinbefore described; after which the molds are refilled from thepug-mill for making other bricks, and the operation proceeds as before.In starting the'machine the ratchet motion of the table is thrown out ofgear and the ventdoor of the pug-mill opened wide; the machine is thenput in motion, with the table standing still, until a stream of compactclay issues from the pug-mill vent b the vent is then nearly closed andthe table thrown into gear. By these means the first brick is producedperfect without leaving any mess or loose dirt about the working partsof the machine. The machine is capable of making either pressed orunpressed bricks, at the will of the attendant.

Having described the nature of my invention 4 and the manner ofperforming it, I would remark that the details shown in the drawingmaybe modified without departing from the distinctive features of myinvention: thus, for instance, it

will be evident that the molds and dies may be arranged in sets of twoor more, so as to produce several bricks simultaneously.

What I claim as of my invention, and desire to W, a lubricating-roller,v, and a lubricating-plunger, n, the whole operating substantially asand for the purpose described.

2. The combination of the series of molds e, the slide r and the press,to which the molded bricks are conducted by the action of the slide,substanbricks from the die, as set forth.

6. The delivery-slide and lever r, in combination with the check orguard lever 75 for determining the exact position of the brick to bepressed, substantially as described.

7. The combination, with the delivery-rollers l and belt m, of therotating cylindrical brush 23 for removing excrescences from the bricksas they leave the machine, substantially as described.

8. The arrangement of the circular table e and lower disk f, havingsockets i for guiding the stems of the mold-plate e as specified.

9. The combination of the table 6, "disk f, ring 9, its pawl, anddevices for operating the said ring intermittently, as described.

In testimony whereof I have signed my nam to this specification in thepresence of two subscribing witnesses.

' JULIUS F. M. POLLOOK. Witnesses:

J. EDWARD BOOTH, WILLIAM H. TAYLOR,

Clerks to Thomas Greenwood Teale,

Notary Public, Leeds. v

